How Do Genomic Alterations Impact Gene Expression and Cell Proliferation in Breast Cancer Clones?

This review provides an overview of the relationship between genomic alterations, gene expression, and cell proliferation responsible for the progression of breast cancer across the globe, contributing significantly to morbidity and mortality among women. By examining the roles of key genes such as BRCA1, BRCA2, PALB2, and DCAF13, we can elucidate how genetic mutations contribute to the disruption of normal gene functions, leading to abnormal cellular behaviors and tumor growth, including cases with high levels of CRABPll and the aggressive nature of triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Common risk factors for breast cancer include advancing age, obesity, high breast density, and family history of the disease. Treating breast cancer, in particular the metastasis of TNBC and overcoming experimental challenges with genes like DCAF13, can be challenging for clinicians, especially as the cancer may spread beyond its original site. Researchers are continuing to develop and utilize novel technologies, including CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing, aimed at blocking HER2+ receptor signals to inhibit tumor growth and improve breast cancer survival rates. This literature review highlights the need for targeted research to better understand and mitigate breast cancer progression.